The Monarch Butterfly's Path to Federal Protection

In July 2022, the monarch butterfly was reclassified from “declining” to “endangered” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List is a widely used and highly regarded global resource that highlights imminent threats to the survival of various species. It is not, however, a legal classification, and the monarch butterfly is not listed under either the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 or the California Endangered Species Act (CESA).

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